Beyond Islam: a new understanding of the Middle East by 
A History of the Armenian Genocide by 
Unfinished Revolutions by 
Rebel Music: race, empire, and the new Muslim youth culture by The Middle East and the Arab world are two partially overlapping, but distinct regions in Western Asia and North Africa.
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The Middle East (pictured above) includes most of Western Asia and also Egypt.
In comparison, the Arab world (pictured above) includes 22 countries in the Middle East and North Africa where Arabic is the most widely-spoken language.
Across both the Middle East and the Arab world, the most prevalent religion is Islam; there are also significant Christian and Jewish communities, and all three religions originated from this region. There are also a variety of minority religions, including Baháʼí, Yarsanism, Druze, and Zoroastrianism.
In both the Middle East and the Arab world, Arabic is the most commonly spoken language. However, in several countries in the Middle East, non-Arabic languages are predominant. Most notably, Turkish is the most common language in Turkey, Persian/Farsi is the most common language in Iran, and Hebrew is most common in Israel. The Kurdish language is also spoken by millions of people across several countries in the Middle East. A number of countries in the Middle East have large South Asian migrant communities, who may speak Hindi, Urdu, or Bangla. Meanwhile, in several North African countries, the Berber and French languages are used alongside Arabic.
